UPSC CSE GS paper 4 (mains) 2024 deals with Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude. Find GS Paper 4 UPSC 2023 (Mains) question paper and analysis here.
The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) administered the General Studies Paper 4 Civil Services Main Examination for the year 2024 on 22 September.
This examination comprises a total of 12 questions, which are categorized into two sections, namely Section A and Section B.
The UPSC CSE mains General Studies (GS) paper 4 question paper and the exam analysis 2023 are mentioned in this article below.
UPSC GS Paper 4 Exam 2023: Instructions
The exam instructions provided on the question paper are as follows:
- Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
- There are 12 questions divided into two sections and printed both in ENGLISH and HINDI.
- All questions are compulsory.
- The number of marks carried by a question/part is printed against it.
- Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
- No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
- Keep the word limit indicated in the questions in mind.
- Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.
- The content of the answer is more important than its length.
General Studies Paper 4 Question Paper: UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2024
1.(a) The application of Artificial Intelligence as a dependable source of input for administrative rational decision-making is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.
(Answer in 150 words)
1.(b) “Ethics encompasses several key dimensions that are crucial in guiding individuals and organizations towards morally responsible behaviour.” Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human actions. Discuss how these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in the professional context.
(Answer in 150 words)
2.(a) “It is not enough to talk about peace, one must believe in it; and it is not enough to believe in it, one must act upon it.” In the present context, the major weapon industries of the developed nations are adversely influencing continuation of number of wars for their own self-interest, all around the world. What are the ethical considerations of the powerful nations in today’s international arena to stop continuation of ongoing conflicts?
(Answer in 150 words)
2.(b) Global warming and climate change are the outcomes of human greed in the name of development, indicating the direction in which extinction of organisms including human beings is heading towards loss of life on Earth. How do you put an end to this to protect life and bring equilibrium between the society and the environment?
(Answer in 150 words)
3. Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?
3.(a) “Learn everything that is good from others, but bring it in, and in your own way absorb it, do not become others.” — Swami Vivekananda
(Answer in 150 words)
3.(b) “Faith is of no avail in the absence of strength. Faith and strength, both are essential to accomplish any great work.” — Sardar Patel
(Answer in 150 words)
3.(c) “In law, a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others. In ethics, he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so.” — Immanuel Kant
(Answer in 150 words)
4.(a) “The concept of Just and Unjust is contextual. What was just a year back, may turn out to be unjust in today’s context. Changing context should be constantly under scrutiny to prevent miscarriage of justice.” Examine the above statement with suitable examples.
(Answer in 150 words)
4.(b) “Mindless addiction to Form, ignoring the Substance of the matter, results in rendering of injustice. A perceptive civil servant is one who ignores such literalness and carries out true intent.” Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.
(Answer in 150 words)
5.(a) ‘The ‘Code of Conduct’ and ‘Code of Ethics’ are the sources of guidance in public administration. There is code of conduct already in operation, whereas code of ethics is not yet put in place. Suggest a suitable model for code of ethics to maintain integrity, probity and transparency in governance.
(Answer in 150 words)
5.(b) The soul of the new law, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) is Justice, Equality and Impartiality based on Indian culture and ethos. Discuss this in the light of major shift from a doctrine of punishment to justice in the present judicial system.
(Answer in 150 words)
6.(a) “In Indian culture and value system, an equal opportunity has been provided irrespective of gender identity. The number of women in public service has been steadily increasing over the years.” Examine the gender-specific challenges faced by female public servants and suggest suitable measures to increase their efficiency in discharging their duties and maintaining high standards of probity.
(Answer in 150 words)
6.(b) Mission Karmayogi is aiming for maintaining a very high standard of conduct and behaviour to ensure efficiency for serving citizens and in turn developing oneself. How will this scheme empower the civil servants in enhancing productive efficiency and delivering the services at the grassroots level ?
(Answer in 150 words)
7. There is a technological company named ABC Incorporated which is the second largest worldwide, situated in the Third World. You are the Chief Executive Officer and the majority shareholder of this company. The fast technological improvements have raised worries among environmental activists, regulatory authorities, and the general public over the sustainability of this scenario. You confront substantial issues about the business’s environmental footprint. In 2023, your organization had a significant increase of 48% in greenhouse gas emissions compared to the levels recorded in 2019. The significant rise in energy consumption is mainly due to the surging energy requirements of your data centers, fuelled by the exponential expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Al-powered services need much more computational resources and electrical energy compared to conventional online activities, notwithstanding their notable gains. The technology’s proliferation has led to a growing concern over the environmental repercussions, resulting in an increase in warnings. Al models, especially those used in extensive machine learning and data processing, exhibit much greater energy consumption than conventional computer tasks, with an exponential increase.
Although there is already a commitment and goal to achieve net zero emissions by 2030, the challenge of lowering emissions seems overwhelming as the integration of Al continues to increase. To achieve this goal, substantial investments in renewable energy use would be necessary. The difficulty is exacerbated by the competitive environment of the technology sector, where rapid innovation is essential for preserving market standing and shareholders’ worth. To achieve a balance between innovation, profitability and sustainability, a strategic move is necessary that is in line with both, business objectives and ethical obligations.
(a) What is your immediate response to the challenges posed in the above case?
(b) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.
(c)Your company has been identified to be penalized by technological gaints. What logical and ethical arguments will you put forth convince about its necessity?
(d) Being a conscience being, what measures would you adopt to maintain balance between AI innovation and environment footprint? (Answer in 250 words)
8. Raman is a senior IPS officer and has recently been posted as D.G. of a state. Among the various issues and problems/challenges which needed his immediate attention, the issue relating to recruitment of unemployed youth by an unknown terrorist group, was a matter of grave concern.
It was noted that unemployment was relatively high in the state. The problem of unemployment amongst graduates and those with higher education was much more grave. Thus they were vulnerable and soft targets.
In the review meeting taken by him with senior officers of DIG Range and above, it came to light that a new terrorist group has emerged at the global level. It has launched a massive drive to recruit young unemployed people. Special focus was to pick young people from a particular community. The said organisation seemed to have the clear objective of utilising/using them for carrying out militant activities. It was also gathered that the said (new) group is desperately trying to spread its tentacles in his state.
A definite/reliable intelligence tip was received by the State CID and Cyber Cell that a large number of such unemployed youth have already been contacted by the terrorist outfit/group through social media and local communal organisations and other contacts. The need of the hour was to act swiftly and to check these elements/designs before they assume serious proportions.
Discrete inquiries made by the police, through the Cyber Cell, revealed that good numbers of unemployed youth are very active on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. On an average, many of them were spending 6 – 8 hours each day, using electronic devices/internet, etc. It also came to light that such unemployed youth were showing sympathy and endorsing the messages received from certain persons, allegedly the contact persons of that global terrorist group. Their social media accounts revealed their strong affinity to such groups inasmuch as many of them started forwarding anti-national tweets on their WhatsApp and Facebook, etc. It seemed that they succumbed to their ploy and started propagating secessionist ideology.
Their posts were hyper-critical of the government’s initiatives, policies and subscribing to extreme beliefs and promoting extremism.
(a) What are the options available to Raman to tackle the above situation ?
(b) What measures would you suggest for strengthening the existing set-up to ensure that such groups do not succeed in penetrating and vitiating the atmosphere in the state ?
(c) In the above scenario, what action plan would you advise for enhancing the intelligence gathering mechanism of the police force ?
(Answer in 250 words)
9. With multipronged strategy of the Central and State Governments specially in the last few years, the naxalite problem has been resolved to a large extent in the affected states of the country. However, there are a few pockets in certain states where naxalite problem still persists, mainly due to involvement of foreign countries. Rohit is posted as SP (Special Operations) for the last one year, in one of the districts which is still affected by the naxalite problem. The district administration has taken a lot of developmental works in the recent past in the naxalite affected areas to win the hearts and minds of the people. Over a period of time, Rohit has established an excellent intelligence network to get the real time information regarding the movement of naxalite cadre. To instill confidence in the public and have moral ascendancy over the naxalites, a number of cordons and search operations are being conducted by the police. Rohit, who himself was leading one of the contingents got a message though his intelligence source that about ten hard core naxalites were hiding in a particular village with sophisticated weapons. Without wasting any time, Rohit reached the target village with his team and laid out a foolproof cordon and started carrying out a systematic search. During the search, his team managed to overpower all the naxalites along with their automatic weapons. However, in the meantime, more than five hundred tribal women surrounded the village and started marching towards the target house.
They were shouting and demanding the immediate release of insurgents since they are their protectors and saviours. The situation on the ground was becoming very critical as the tribal women were extremely agitated and aggressive. Rohit tried to contact his superior officer, IG (Special Operations) of the state on the radio set and on mobile phone, but failed to do so due to poor connectivity Rohit was in great dilemma since out of the naxalites apprehended, two were not only hard core top insurgents with prize money of & ten lakhs on their heads, but were also involved in a recent ambush on the security forces. However, if he did not release the naxalites, the situation could get out of control since the tribal women were aggressively charging towards them. In that case, to control the situation Rohit might have to resort to firing which may lead to valuable loss of lives _of civilians and would further complicate the situation.
(a)What are the options available with Rohit to cope with the situation?
(b)What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Rohit ?
(c)Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Rohit to adopt and why?
(d)In the present situation, what are the extra precautionary measures to be taken by the police in dealing with women protesters?
(Answer in 250 words)
10. Sneha is a Senior Manager working for a big reputed hospital chain in a mid-sized city. She has been made in-charge of the new super speciality center that the hospitals building with state-of-the art equipment and world class medical facilities. The building has been reconstructed and she is starting the process of procurement for various equipment and machines. As the head of the committee responsible for procurement, she has invited bids from all the interested reputed vendors dealing in medical equipment. She notices that her brother, who is a well-known supplier in this domain, has also sent his expression of interest. Since the hospital is privately owned,
it is not
mandatory for her to select only the lower bidder. Also, she is aware that her brother’s company has been facing some financial difficulties and a big supply order will help him recover. At the same time, allocating the contract to her brother might bring charges of favouritism against her and tarnish her image The hospital management trusts her fully and would support any decision of hers
(a). What should be Sneha’s course of action ?
(b). How would she justify what she chooses to do ?
(c). In this case, how is medical ethics compromised with vested personal interest?
(Answer in 250 words)
11. With the summer heat being exceptionally severe this year, the district has been facing severe water shortage. The District Collector has been mobilizing his subordinate officials to conserve the remaining water reserves for preventing the district from plunging into acute drinking water crisis.
Along with an awareness campaign for conserving water, strict measures have been taken for stopping the over-exploitation of ground-water. Vigilance teams have been deployed to tour the villages and find the farmers who are drawing water from deep borewells or from the river reservoir for irrigation. The farmers are agitated by such action. A delegation of farmers meets the District Collector with their issues and complains that while they are not being allowed to irrigate their crops, big industries located near the river are drawing huge amounts of water through deep borewells for their industrial processes. The farmers allege that their administration is anti-farmer and corrupt, being bribed by the industry. The district needs to placate the farmers as they are threatening to go on a prolonged protest. At the same time, the District Collector has to deal with the water crisis. The industry cannot be closed as this would result in a large number of workers being unemployed.
(a) Discuss all options available to the District Collector as a District Magistrate.
(b) What suitable actions can be taken in view of mutually compatible interests of the stakeholders?
(c) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas for the District Collector ?
(Answer in 250 words)
12. Dr. Srinivasan is a senior scientist working for a reputed biotechnology company known for its cutting-edge research in pharmaceuticals.
Dr. Srinivasan is heading a research team working on a new drug aimed at treating a rapidly spreading variant of a new viral infectious disease. The disease has been rapidly spreading across the world and the cases reported in the country are increasing. There is huge pressure on Dr. Srinivasan’s team to expedite the trials for the drug as there is significant market for it, and the company wants to get the first-mover advantage in the market. During a team meeting, some senior team members suggest some shortcut for expediting the clinical trials for the drug and for getting the requisite approvals. These include manipulating data to exclude some negative outcomes and selectively reporting positive results, foregoing the process of informed consent and using compounds already patented by a rival company, rather than developing one’s own component. Dr. Srinivasan is not comfortable taking such shortcuts, at the same time he realises meeting the targets is impossible without using these means.
(a) What would you do in such a situation?
(b) Examine your options and consequences in the light of the ethical
questions involved.
(c) How can data ethics and drug ethics save humanity at large in such a scenario?
(Answer in 250 words)
UPSC CSE Mains 2024 General Studies Paper 4 Question Topics
Here are brief notes on each of the questions from the UPSC CSE Mains 2024 General Studies Paper 4 (Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude):
1(a). Artificial Intelligence and Administrative Decision-Making
- Ethical Issues: AI offers efficiency and data-driven decisions, but concerns include lack of accountability, potential bias in algorithms, and undermining human judgment. Ethical decision-making in public administration requires transparency and responsibility, which may be compromised with full reliance on AI.
1(b). Key Dimensions of Ethics in Human Actions
- Key Dimensions: Integrity, honesty, fairness, and justice are central ethical principles that guide behavior. These dimensions ensure that decisions are morally sound, promote the public good, and foster trust.
- Professional Context: Ethical dimensions shape decisions by encouraging adherence to codes of conduct and ensuring actions are in line with organizational values and public expectations.
2(a). Ethical Considerations in International Conflict and Weapon Industries
- Self-Interest vs. Peace: Developed nations must balance their economic interests in weapon industries with the ethical responsibility of promoting global peace. Supporting conflicts for profit violates principles of justice, human rights, and global responsibility.
2(b). Ending Global Warming and Climate Change
- Ethical Responsibility: Human actions fueled by greed and development have led to environmental degradation. An ethical response involves promoting sustainable development, reducing carbon footprints, and fostering a harmonious relationship between society and nature to protect future generations.
3(a). Swami Vivekananda’s Quote
- Interpretation: Learn from others but retain your individuality. This highlights the importance of cultural assimilation without losing personal or cultural identity, fostering creativity and progress through self-reliance.
3(b). Sardar Patel’s Quote
- Interpretation: Faith and strength are complementary. True faith in one’s goals requires the strength to act, and great achievements demand both belief and courage. This is crucial in leadership and public service.
3(c). Immanuel Kant’s Quote
- Interpretation: Ethical behavior extends beyond action to intent. Even contemplating wrongdoing is unethical, emphasizing the need for moral integrity and awareness of consequences before acting.
4(a). Concept of Just and Unjust
- Contextual Nature: What is perceived as just can change with time and context. A civil servant must regularly assess changing societal norms to prevent injustice, ensuring fairness in decisions, e.g., changing views on social issues like LGBTQ+ rights.
4(b). Form vs. Substance in Civil Service
- Literal vs. Intent: A perceptive civil servant looks beyond rigid rules (form) to the intent (substance) of a law or policy, ensuring that the spirit of justice is served. Blind adherence to rules without considering outcomes can lead to injustice.
5(a). Code of Conduct vs. Code of Ethics
- Code of Conduct: Regulates behavior with set rules. A Code of Ethics goes further by embedding values like integrity, transparency, and impartiality. A suitable model should promote ethical behavior, moral leadership, and accountability in public service.
5(b). Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS)
- Justice vs. Punishment: The BNS emphasizes justice, equality, and impartiality, moving away from retributive punishment to a reformative justice system that aligns with Indian cultural values and aims at rehabilitation over mere penalization.
6(a). Challenges for Female Public Servants
- Challenges: Gender bias, societal expectations, and work-life balance are key challenges faced by women in public service. Solutions include gender-sensitive policies, flexible working conditions, and mentorship programs to support female officers in maintaining professional integrity.
6(b). Mission Karmayogi for Civil Servants
- Empowerment: Mission Karmayogi focuses on skill development, enhancing efficiency, and promoting a citizen-centric approach. It aims to transform civil servants into ethical, effective, and productive agents of governance, improving service delivery.
7. Environmental Sustainability in a Tech Company (Case Study)
- Challenges: The company faces rising emissions due to AI’s energy demands. Immediate steps include investing in renewable energy, optimizing data centers, and balancing innovation with sustainability.
- Ethical Issues: Conflicts arise between profitability and environmental responsibility. Ethical arguments include the moral obligation to reduce the environmental footprint and prioritize long-term sustainability over short-term gains.
8. Recruitment of Unemployed Youth by Terrorist Group (Case Study)
- Options: Raman can employ a multi-pronged strategy involving intelligence gathering, community engagement, and cyber-monitoring to counter recruitment efforts.
- Strengthening Setup: Measures include improving cyber surveillance, community outreach programs, and awareness campaigns to prevent youth radicalization.
- Intelligence Gathering: Establishing a dedicated cyber unit and building local intelligence networks are crucial for proactive intervention.
9. Handling Naxalite Issue in a Village (Case Study)
- Options for Rohit: Rohit can choose between using force to disperse the crowd, negotiating with tribal leaders, or finding a non-violent solution to de-escalate the situation.
- Ethical Dilemma: The dilemma lies between protecting national security by arresting the insurgents and avoiding civilian casualties in a tense situation.
- Precautionary Measures: Handling women protesters requires restraint, gender-sensitive approaches, and negotiation to avoid unnecessary violence.
10. Conflict of Interest in Procurement Process (Case Study)
- Sneha’s Options: Sneha can either exclude her brother’s company to avoid a conflict of interest or ensure a transparent and fair bidding process to maintain integrity.
- Medical Ethics: Favoring a family member compromises professional ethics, and Sneha must prioritize institutional integrity over personal gain.
11. Water Crisis and Farmers’ Agitation (Case Study)
- Options for District Collector: The Collector can balance the interests of farmers and industries by promoting equitable water distribution and encouraging water-saving technologies.
- Ethical Dilemmas: Conflicting demands from industries and farmers create ethical challenges related to fairness, resource allocation, and public trust.
12. Ethical Issues in Drug Trials (Case Study)
- Data and Drug Ethics: Dr. Srinivasan must avoid manipulating clinical trial data, as it compromises patient safety and undermines trust in scientific research.
- Consequences: Ethical breaches can lead to public harm, loss of credibility, and legal repercussions. Informed consent and transparent data management are essential to uphold public health and ethical standards.
GS Paper 4 UPSC 2024 (Mains): Question Paper Analysis
Please find my analysis of the UPSC CSE Mains 2024 General Studies Paper 4 (Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude):
Thematic Focus
The paper emphasizes key ethical concepts, moral reasoning, and decision-making in complex scenarios. It challenges candidates to reflect on the role of integrity, accountability, and professional ethics in public life and governance. Additionally, it draws attention to the ethical dilemmas posed by modern technology, environmental sustainability, and humanitarian issues.
Key Areas of Focus
1. Ethical Decision-Making in Governance and Administration:
- Questions like AI in decision-making and the code of ethics vs. code of conduct test the understanding of how ethics integrates with governance. Candidates are required to explore how ethical decision-making can be compromised by over-reliance on technology or rigid adherence to rules without considering the spirit of justice.
- The paper stresses the importance of moral leadership, where civil servants are expected to balance their legal duties with their ethical responsibilities. For example, the question on literalness vs. substance in decision-making highlights the need for administrators to prioritize justice over procedural rigidity.
2. Moral Leadership and Integrity:
- Ethics in public administration is a major theme. Questions about Mission Karmayogi and the challenges faced by female public servants explore the need for integrity, empowerment, and the removal of systemic barriers in public service.
- The concept of ethical leadership is further highlighted through case studies that require balancing competing demands (e.g., water crisis management, handling naxalite issues). Candidates are encouraged to think like decision-makers who uphold integrity while navigating complex ethical dilemmas.
3. Application of Ethical Principles in Professional Contexts:
- The ethical case studies (like Sneha’s conflict of interest in procurement, or Dr. Srinivasan’s dilemma in drug trials) focus on how individuals in leadership positions must balance personal interests with institutional integrity and public good. These questions require candidates to demonstrate practical wisdom, acknowledging the impact of their decisions on stakeholders.
- Ethics in technology is explored through cases on AI’s environmental footprint and the responsibilities of corporations towards sustainability. This reflects growing concerns about the environmental and ethical impact of rapid technological advancements and challenges leaders to adopt sustainable solutions.
4. Ethics in Global and Environmental Contexts:
- The paper raises issues like global warming and international conflicts driven by weapon industries, requiring candidates to consider global ethical responsibilities. These questions highlight the role of developed nations and large corporations in mitigating harm, making them responsible for environmental protection and peaceful diplomacy.
- Questions on environmental sustainability (e.g., industrial emissions and AI, climate change) ask candidates to reflect on the moral obligations of both governments and businesses in preserving resources for future generations, emphasizing the concept of sustainable development.
5. Philosophical Reflection on Ethical Quotes:
- The quotations by Swami Vivekananda, Sardar Patel, and Immanuel Kant offer philosophical grounding for key ethical values such as faith, strength, self-reliance, and moral intent. Candidates are required to relate these timeless ideas to contemporary challenges in governance and professional life.
- These questions assess candidates’ ability to interpret philosophical ideas and apply them in real-world scenarios, underscoring the importance of moral courage, responsibility, and personal integrity in leadership roles.
Key Observations
- Focus on Ethical Leadership and Public Integrity:
- Many questions test how ethical leadership operates in complex situations. Public servants and leaders must not only make decisions that comply with the law but also ensure that they are morally sound and uphold public trust. For example, in the naxalite case, Rohit faces a dilemma of choosing between enforcing law and avoiding civilian harm, reflecting the delicate balance leaders must maintain between duty and empathy.
- The focus on codes of ethics and codes of conduct stresses the need for systemic integrity in public administration, encouraging candidates to consider how formal guidelines shape ethical governance.
- Contemporary Ethical Issues:
- The paper raises pressing ethical issues, such as the environmental impact of AI, global warming, and weapon industries influencing conflicts, placing ethical responsibility not just on individuals but also on nations and corporations. This reflects the increasing role of ethics in shaping global and environmental policies.
- Questions like Mission Karmayogi address contemporary administrative reforms aimed at enhancing productivity and ethical standards within the Indian bureaucracy, emphasizing the need for continuous learning and ethical conduct in public service.
- Ethical Dilemmas in Case Studies:
- The case studies explore real-life dilemmas faced by public servants, business leaders, and professionals. They challenge candidates to make pragmatic yet ethical decisions, often under difficult circumstances where personal, organizational, and public interests collide.
- Each case demands a multi-dimensional approach, where candidates must weigh the consequences of their actions on multiple stakeholders. For instance, in the case of Rohit dealing with naxalites, there is a clear tension between enforcing law and avoiding harm to civilians, testing the candidate’s ability to balance legal authority with compassion.
- Ethical Awareness and Responsibility:
- Questions on public ethics highlight the role of conscience and moral accountability in public life. The demand for ethical decision-making is pervasive, whether it is a public servant balancing personal interests with institutional responsibilities or a corporate leader navigating between profit and sustainability.
- The paper reinforces the idea that ethical awareness must guide all professional actions, whether dealing with personal conflicts of interest or broader challenges like climate change and international peace.
Challenge Level
The paper demands a deep understanding of ethical principles, along with the ability to apply these principles to real-world dilemmas. Candidates are expected to:
- Critically analyze complex situations and provide reasoned arguments.
- Display a nuanced understanding of moral responsibilities across different levels (personal, professional, national, and global).
- Balance competing interests in practical scenarios, maintaining integrity and fairness while ensuring the best possible outcome.
Important Take-Aways from the GS Paper 4 UPSC 2024 (Mains) Question Paper
In this year’s UPSC Mains GS4 examination, a strong emphasis was placed on the importance of understanding the fundamental concepts in key areas like Ethics, Values, and Aptitude.
This year’s questions were majorly focused on the dilemma one can have while serving.
To be able to handle such questions effectively, we recommend aspirants join the ClearIAS course on Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude.
We also recommend aspirants to go through ClearIAS online notes on Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude.
Read the UPSC syllabus and the previous year’s question papers thoroughly and prepare your own notes considering the important points.
It is important to take the Ethics paper seriously in order to score high in the UPSC CSE mains exam.
Don’t miss: ClearIAS Courses
Conclusion
The UPSC CSE Mains 2024 General Studies Paper 4 effectively tests the ethical acumen of candidates, pushing them to engage with both theoretical principles and practical dilemmas in governance, public administration, and leadership. The focus on moral courage, public integrity, and ethical leadership reflects the qualities expected of future civil servants. Success in this paper requires the ability to integrate ethical theory with real-world decision-making, ensuring that personal integrity and public accountability guide every action.
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